बूँद a drop

Bad Bank A bad bank is an Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC) or an Asset Management Company (AMC) that takes over the bad loans of commercial banks, manages them and finally recovers the money over a period of time. ARC are companies registered under companies act and regulated by RBI. SARFAESI Act 2002 provides the legal basis for the setting up of ARCs in India. Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest Act(SARFAESI Act) 2002- protects financial creditors, who are mostly/bank banks and other non-bank financial institutions IBC 2016-  protects interests of all forms of creditors(Financial and Operational Creditors) and other stakeholders. It improved the ranking of India in Ease of doing business by protecting the interest of non banks creditors(FDI, FPI inflow increased). In case of conflict with other acts including SARFAESI Act 2002, the provision of IBC 2016 prevails over other act.  After introduction of SARFAESI Act 2002 many A

  UPSC Mains Question Keywords Your marks in UPSC Mains exam(+State PCS) depends on your quality of your answer. And to write a quality answer the understanding of the demand of question is necessary.  Let's have a look on Keywords associated with UPSC mains question Define- Exact meaning of the term being referred with its dimensions Explain-  basic clarification of term(the Questioner is unaware with the term)  Describe-  define + effect and side effects on different aspects associated with the term Elaborate-  describe + example & arguments Discuss-  written debate on all aspects of the term(Advantage, disadvantaged, challenge, way forwards etc)  Examine-  dig the term deeply and bring out prospective Comment-  your opinion(+ve and -ve) with respected term and conclusion in support of term.  Analyse-  breaking the term into its fundamental parts and examining each part.  Clarify/Elucidate-  emphasis on cause & effect Estimate-  positive and negative aspects of the term

  Poverty Poverty is a state in which an individual is deprived of basic essential needs to sustain minimum standard of living.  Types of Poverty Poverty is of two types: 1. Absolute Poverty 2. Relative Poverty 1. Absolute Poverty:  Measured by scarcity of resources in absolute term.  1990- World Bank defined absolute poverty as 1$ a day.  2015- as per World Bank, absolute poverty is income of less than 1.90$ per day 2. Relative Poverty:  Measured by relative living standard with respect to regional living standard.  In developed countries, the concept of relative poverty prevail. While in developing countries, absolute poverty is used to measure the poverty level.  Poverty Gap(Poverty Gap index)   The concept was given by World Bank.  The poverty gap is the average shortfall from the poverty line. It quantifies the severity of poverty by measuring how much the individual income is less than poverty line income.  Avg poverty gap*number of total poor people= money required to eliminate

  Initiatives by Election Commission of India(ECI)  1. Digital time voucher(2023)- Access of government owned electronic media(Doordarshan and All India Radio) to recognized political parties during elections. Steps towards digitalization of ECI services.  2. Standard of Procedure(2023)-  ECI released a guidelines. As per guidelines CBIC(central board of indirect tax and custom) will monitor monetary and non-monetary inducements in general election.  3. BLO e-Patrika(2022)-  to directly interact with block level officer(BLO) 

  1. A. K. Gopalan case 1950 Protection under Article 21 is available only against arbitrary executive action and not from arbitrary legislative action based on expression Procedure established by law(under Art 21)  Life= mere existence 2. Champakam Dorairajan case 1951 Directive Principles have to conform to and run as subsidiary to the Fundamental Rights. But, it also held that the Fundamental Rights could be amended by the Parliament by enacting constitutional amendment acts. As a result parliament enacted 1st amendment Act.  3. Shankari Prasad case 1951 Challenged 1st Amendment Act 1951. Power of the Parliament to amend the Constitution under Article 368 also includes the power to amend Fundamental Rights. As law under Article 13 include only ordinary law and not the Constitution amendment act 4. Berubari case 1960 Preamble is key to the minds of the makers of the Constitution.  But preamble is not part of Indian Constitution.  5. Golakhnath case 1967 Fundamentals right cannot be a

  Self Help Group Informal associations of people who choose to come together for better living conditions by their collective efforts towards common issues.  SHG is a vehicle of change for the poor and marginalized section of society. It encourage self employment and poverty alleviation.  History of SHG 1972- Ela Bhatt, lawyer of a formal group Textile Labour Association(TLA, formed in 1918 at Ahmedabad by Gandhiji) founded Self-Employed Women's Association(SEWA), an informal group of textile female workers.  SEWA- first SHG of modern India.  1992- SHG Bank Linkage Project was launched by NABARD.  SHG was allowed to open bank accounts. This helped the SHG to get formal credit from banks at reasonable intrest rate, rather then getting trapped in the hands of moneylenders.  1999-  Swarn Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana(SGSY) was introduced to promote SHG.  2011-  SGSY was replaced by National Rural Livelihoods Mission(NRLM) Objectives of SHG Leadership quality promotion Collective de

  Ethics Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with systematic study of human action in terms of right and wrong action.  Ethics are those values which help to judge an action as right or wrong.  Types of Ethics There are four types of Ethics: 1. Meta-Ethics: origin of ethics, definition of ethics, definition of right and wrong.  2. Prescriptive(Normative) Ethics:  judging the action/result as right or wrong based on ethical values.  The action/result can be judged in three ways (a) Deontological- not only end result but action must also be right.  Categorical Imperative is subset of deontological ethics given by Immanuel Kant. Occasionally it is described as synonymous to deontological ethics. It is based on Universality and Principle of reciprocity.  (b) Teleological/Consequential/Utilitarian-  the outcome/consequences should be right independent of means/action. So it emphasis on result not on action, action can be right or wrong.  (c) Virtuous-  if action is abided by virt