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  Foreign Policy of America Monroe Doctrine(1823)- Latin American as an American Sphere of influence and rejected European colonisation of the region.  No interfere of the old world in new world.  Roosevelt Corollary(1904)-  Addition to Monroe Doctrine. USA could intervene in internal affairs of Latin  American Countries. Also known as good neighbouring policy.  Marshall Plan(1948-1951)-  Also Known as European recovery program introduced to improve the economy in Europe region and contain the influence of communism.   Cold War Doctrines Truman Doctrine(1947)- Support against communism that helped in formation of NATO in 1949.  Korean War 1950-53, Vietnam war 1955-1975 Eisenhower Doctrine(1957)-  After Suez Crisis of 1956 it was introduced to contain the influence of USSR in Middle East region.  Support to Middle East on their request Kennedy Doctrine(1961)-  Reversal of communism progress in Western Hemisphere Cuba Missile Crisis 1962 Johnson Doctrine(1965)-  Domestic revolution is

  Political Consolidation in Europe Unification Political and Social movement of unifying people from numerous states to form one state based on common geography, language, ethnicity, religion, culture and other historical factors.  In Europe, the unification of Italy and Germany both started with the attack of Napoleon. Unification of Italy The unification of Italy took place in three phase 1. 1858 to 1860, 1866- Unification of Northern Italy(Italy vs Austria)  2. 1860- Unification of Southern Italy with Northern Italy(Italy vs Kingdom of Sicily, Protectorate of France)  3. 1871- Unification of Middle Italy(Italy vs Papal state)  The three person whose efforts led to the unification of Italy Heart- Mazzini Brain- Count Cavour Sword- Garibaldi The bedrock of Italian Unification was led by Napoleon when he conquered many smaller kingdom of Italy in 1796 and formed large Administrative territories. These large Administrative territories unified many smaller kingdom that led to the

  Age of Exploration (Sea Route Discovery)  John Cabot 1497-  John Cabot(Italian traveller) was the first European known to have landed in present day Canada. Although he was Italian, but his voyage was financed by Britain(King Henry VII) and the discovery benefited England.  Hunt for Spices(Sea Route to India)   Christopher Columbus August 1492-  Christopher Columbus led a fleet of 3 ships from Castile, Spain to find sea route for India 12 October 1492-  Christopher Columbus landed in Bahamas(caribbean island). Later established a colony at Haiti and returned to spain in 1493 Vasco da Gama 8 July 1497- Vasco da Gama led a fleet of 4 ships + 170 Crews from Lisbon, Portugal(1st Voyage of Vasco de Gama)  20 May 1498- Vasco da Gama landed in Calicut via Cape of  Good Hope, Mombasa and Malindi(Now Part of Kenya) and later visited Goa.  1502-  2nd Voyage of Vasco de Gama, fight with Zamorin ruler(Dominance over sea route)  Age of Colonization America 1492-  Discovery and colonization of Ha