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Minerals are naturally occurring organic and non-organic(Metallic and non-metallic) substances with definite physical and chemical properties.  Mineral resource- concentration or occurrence of material  Mineral reserve(Subset of resource)- mineable part of Mineral resource.  In India, fossil fuels(mainly oil and natural gas) were governed by Petroleum Act, 1934- import, export, storage, production and refining of Petroleum Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Act, 1948- oil and natural gas mining in India For other minerals in India, minerals were governed by Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957. It defines two categories of minerals. 1. Major minerals(schedule 1)- Rules are made by Central government(Ministry of mines)  2. Minor minerals(Central Government order)- State Governments have complete power for making Rules regarding minor minerals. 

 In the field of literature, prominent awards that can be won by Indian citizens. International Awards 1. Nobel Prize in Literature(1901~)  Highest literature prize of world Awarded by Swedish Academy(Stockholm, Sweden)  Eligibility- no bar on citizenship and language Prize- Gold Medal + Diploma bearing a citation + Cash prize. Foreign Awards(UK)   2. Booker Prize(1969~)  Awarded by Crankstart group (since 2019)  Eligibility- English novel published in UK Or Ireland Prize- £50,000 3. International Booker Prize(2005~)  Awarded by Crankstart group (since 2019)  Eligibility- translated English novel published in UK Or Ireland Prize- £50,000 Many Indians won Booker prize, but the only Indian to win International Booker prize was Geetanjali Shree for his book Ret Samadhi(Tomb of sands- Daisy Rockwell) in 2022. National(Government affiliated)   4. Jnanpith Award(1961~)  India’s highest award in literature Awarded by Government of India Eligibility- Indian Citizen + 8th schedule languages of