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  Developed and Developing Nation July 1944- Bretton Woods Conference World Bank and IMF two financial institutions were established to perform financial development tasks. To provide better financial support to poorer countries, the World Bank classified countries as developed and developing countries. This division clubbed middle income and low-income countries together as developing countries. To cater to the different needs of middle income and low-income countries, the World Bank re-classified countries as 1. Low-income countries- Income below 1036 US dollars 2. Lower middle-income countries- Income Range 1,036 - 4,045 US dollars 3. Upper middle-income countries- Income Range 4,046 - 12,535 US dollars 4. High-income countries- Income above 12,535 US dollars                              Image Source: WORLD BANK Least Developed Countries(LDC) Another international institution that classifies countries for better support is the Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC), UN. Currently

  Pre-Historic  Sites 1. Paleolithic site Belan valley, Allahabad(UP) Shohagighat, Mirzapur(UP)- 1st rock shelter painting of India(Upper Paleolithic Age) The rock shelter painting was discovered by Archibald Carlyle in 1867 2. Mesolithic site Mahadaha, Sarai Nahar Rai, Pratapgarh(UP)- A man and a woman were buried together. 3. Neolithic site Koldihwa and Mahagra in Allahabad(UP)- earliest rice cultivation around 5000 BC 4. Harappa site Alamgirpur, Meerut (UP)- Eastern most site of Harappa civilization Mahajanapadas  7 Mahajanapadas in UP out of 16 Ancient Mahajanapadas-  Kashi, Malla(Kushinara), Kosala(Sravasti), Kuru(Indraprastha), Saursena(Mathura), Panchal(Ahichatra), Vatsa(Kausambi)  Buddhist sites Sarnath(UP)- first sermon of Buddha symbolized by wheel  Sravasti(UP)- Most sermon of Lord Buddha Kushinagar(UP)- death of Buddha symbolized by Stupa Ramabhar Stupa(UP)- cremation place of Lord Buddha built by Malla kingdom Piprahwa Stupa(UP) - built by Shakya clan Dhamek stupa, Sarn

  FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE(1857) Bakht Khan(Bijnor, Rohilkhand, North-western Region of Uttar Pradesh)- Became Subedar under EICo and took part in the 1857 rebellion.  Begum Hazrat Mahal(Queen of Awadh, Lucknow region)- She revolted against EICo(in 1857) with the support of Raja Jailal Singh Raja Jailal Singh(Azamgarh)  Mangal Pandey(Nagwa, Ballia)- He was sepoy in the 34th Regiment of Bengal Native infantry of British East India Company. He started the 1857 revolt  Maulvi Liaquat Ali(Allahabad)- religious leader from Allahabad region.  Rani Lakshmibai(Jhansi)- Rani/Queen of Jhansi Jhalkari Bai(Jhansi)- leader of women regiment of Rani Laxmi Bai Rao Kadam Singh(Meerut)- Leader of Gurjar  Amar Shahid Bandhu Singh(Dumari Riyasat of Gorakhpur)- fighter in Indian Rebellion of 1857. Lal Pratap Singh(Yuvraj of Kalakankar)- fighter in Indian Rebellion of 1857 Dhan Singh Gurjar(Meerut)- main freedom fighter of 1857 revolt from Meerut region. Babu Bhoop Singh(Ruler of Kohra, Part of

     UTTAR PRADESH(UP) 1. FORMATION OF UP 14 Nov 1834- Under the GoI Act 1833, EICo established 4th presidency as Agra Presidency  1856- Annexation of Awadh 1858 to 1902- North West Province and Awadh(Merger of Agra presidency+ Awadh), Capital- Allahabad 1902 to 1921- United Province of Agra and Awadh, Capital- Allahabad 1921 to 1937- United Province of British India, Capital- Lucknow(1921~)  1937 to 1950- United Province, Capital-Lucknow(under the provision of GoI Act 1935)  24 Jan 1950~ Uttar Pradesh(UP), Capital- Lucknow 9 Nov 2000- Territorial division (UP + Uttarakhand)  2. ADMINISTRATION Capital- Lucknow Judicial Capital- Prayagraj(Allahabad high court- 160 Judges, largest High Court of India in terms of number of Judges) Most populous state(census 2011- 24 crore)-  1. China       2. India    3. US      4. Indonesia     5. Uttar Pradesh         6. Pakistan)   Area-  2,43,286 sq Km(7.3% of the area of India, roughly same size as of UK)  Area wise 4th largest state after R

Introduction Programming is a tool to perform various computations with the help of a machine. There are numerous programming languages(coding language) based on need and machine on which program will execute.  Data Types In our childhood we learned mathematical numbers and the English alphabet(Data Types).  In programming languages like in C data are categorized in different groups.  Function Functions are the building blocks of a programming language. A function performs a designated task.  In C language Syntax to write function without input main(), add(), nothing()  Syntax to write function with integer input(add, subtract, multiply, divide)+ no output void main(int x, int y)  Syntax to write function with integer input + integer output int main(int x, int y)  Syntax to write function with integer input + character output char main(int x, int y)  Types of Function 1. User defined function - defined by the programmer or user to perform designated tasks.  2. Pre defined functions(Lib