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Human Body

 Lecture 5 Human Body


Heart

Vertebrate(animal with backbone) heart performs the function of pumping blood around body. The blood flow in heart is unidirectional because of heart valves. 

  • Fish- 2 chember heart(1 atrium, 1 ventricle) 
  • Amphibian and Reptile- 3 chember heart(2 atria, 1 ventricle) 
            Exception- Crocodiles and Alligators(4 chember heart) 
  • Bird and Mammal- 4 chember heart(2 atria, 2 ventricle) 

Atrium- Upper chember of heart that receive blood from body and send it to ventricle. 

Ventricle- Lower chember of heart that pump blood throughout the body. Ventricles have thicker wall than Atrium. 

Pulmonary Circulation- Blood flow to lungs for oxygen enrichment. 

Systemic Circulation- Oxygen enriched blood flow to body parts. 


Human Heart


Blood flow in human heart-

Deoxygenated Blood(enters via Vena Cava) → Right Atrium → Right ventricle → Lung(via Pulmonary Artery) → Left Atrium(via Pulmonary Veins) → Left Ventricle → Body(via Aorta) 

Arteries(Blood pumped out of heart)- supply oxygenated blood to body.

Veins(Blood flow into heart)- supply deoxygenated blood of body to heart.

Pulmonary Arteries(Blood pumped out of heart)- supply deoxygenated blood to lung.

Pulmonary Veins(Blood flow into heart)- supply oxygenated blood of lung to heart.

Aorta- Largest artery in the body


Hormone and Gland

Hormones- Signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.

Hormones are defined functionally and not structurally. They may have diverse chemical structures.

Gland- An organ that makes one or more chemicals such as hormones, digestive juices, sweat, tears, saliv, etc. There are two types of Gland- Endocrine and Exocrine glands




Endocrine system





Table of Contents                                             Lecture 6


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