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1947- Partition of India

 


Partition of India 1947

Feb- British PM Clemente Attlee clarified his stance that Princely states in India would have power to decide their faith during transfer of power from British Government to new government of India. 

3 June Plan(Mountbatten Plan)- Introduced by Mountbatten with provision of partition of British India into two dominion States and princely states were free to join India or Pakistan(or can remain independent). 

Provision for referendum in NWFP(North West Frontier Province) and  Sylhet district (Assam). 

Provision for boundary commission to demarcate the boundary of two nations

The plan was accepted by Indian National Congress and Muslim League. But the plan was rejected by Khudai Khidmatgar(Abdul Ghaffar Khan- Frontier Gandhi) 


6 July- referendum started in NWFP and Sylhet. The result was in favor of joining Pakistan. And both NWFP and Sylhet(Bangladesh) became part of then Pakistan except Karimganj(Part of Sylhet) which became part of India. 


Radcliffe who had no knowledge about British India, was appointed by British Government to demarcate the boundary between India and Pakistan. He was selected because of his impartiality between Hindu and Muslim(India and Pakistan) 

8 July- Radcliffe came to India to decide boundary between India and Pakistan by 15 August(38 days~ Roughly 5 weeks) 

July- Sardar Patel started to persuade 565 Princely states(roughly 40% of Indian territory). And also persuaded to Governor General of India Lord Mountbatten to support the integration of India. 

18 July- Royal assent to Indian Independence Act 1947 with provision applicable from 15 August. The Indian Independence Act was based on 3 June plan. 

25 July- Lord Mountbatten requested princely states to join India. 


12 Aug- finalization of demarcation line by boundary commission(Radcliffe) 

15 Aug- India became an Independent nation(Under Indian Independence Act 1947) with almost all princely states that joined India. 

17 Aug- Radcliffe Line was officially published after the independence of India


Integration of some Princely states

26 Oct 1947- Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir signed Instrument of Accession after Kashmir was attached by Pakistan army in disguised of tribal people

Feb 1948- Plebiscite was held in Junagadh region and the result was in favor of India. 

After the announcement of Mohabbat Khan(Nawab of Junagadh) on 15 Aug to join Pakistan under influence of Jinnah, Economic boycott was done from Indian side as a pressure tactics. Because of immense pressure of people of Junagadh, the Nawab of Junagadh fled to karachi with state treasury. 

13 Sep 1948- Operation Polo was launched by Indian Government to stop Razakars(force of Hyderabad Nizam) from committing further atrocities on poor people of Hyderabad. After operation polo, Hyderabad was integrated into India. 

Sep 1949- Bodhchandra, Maharaja of Manipur signed an agreement with GoI for complete integration of Manipur with India(Bodhchandra signed Instrument of Accession on 11 Aug 1947) 





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